tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-80566994324163955412024-03-12T18:32:51.473-07:00Computer GraphicsHanung Febriantohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06565418855826948379noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8056699432416395541.post-15361938740758321052011-04-02T21:11:00.001-07:002011-04-02T23:12:43.643-07:00Komputer Grafik dengan OpenGL dan C<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Komputer Grafik dengan OpenGL dan C</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Komputer Grafik adalah segala aspek yang terkait dengan pembuatan images menggunakan komputer baik berupa software, hardware maupun applications, contoh sebagai ilustrasi adalah bagaimana kita menggambar sebuah bola worldcup dalam komputer dengan cahaya kemilau, software atau hardware apa yang kita perlukan,</div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Basic Graphic System adalah bagaimana proses sebuah citra dapat ditampilkan di komputer, adalah pertama melalui sebuah input device kemudian melalui prosesor yang bekerja sama dengan memory dan diteruskan oleh sebuah frame buffer kemudian baru dikeluarkan ke sebuah alat output(monitor).</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GSqhwGBRBuk/TZfvzrWL3RI/AAAAAAAAAEo/yHoveECKnV8/s1600/BASIC+GRAPH+SYSTEM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GSqhwGBRBuk/TZfvzrWL3RI/AAAAAAAAAEo/yHoveECKnV8/s320/BASIC+GRAPH+SYSTEM.png" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
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</div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">CRT (monitor) digunakan sbg perangkat line-drawing (callgraphic) ataupun <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">untuk</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">menampilkan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> contents </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">dari</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">sebuah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> frame buffer (raster mode).</span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><br />
</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Awal</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">perkembangan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">komputasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">komputer</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">grafik :</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: black;">Strip charts</span></li>
<span style="color: black;">
<li>Pen plotters</li>
<li>Simple displays using A/D converters to go from computer to calligraphic CRT</li>
</span></ul><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"></span></span></div></div><div style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Cost of refresh </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">bagi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> CRT </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">terlalu</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">tinggi</span></span></div></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.63in; margin-top: 6.24pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.63in; margin-top: 6.24pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">komputer</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">lambat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">mahal</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">kurang</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">handal</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> (unreliable)</span></span></span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><br />
</span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">Computer Graphics: 19</span><span style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;">60-1970</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #3333cc; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Grafika</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">Wireframe</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"></span></div></div><div class="O1" style="color: #3333cc; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.63in; margin-top: 6.24pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Draw only lines</span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Sketchpad</span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Display Processors</span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Storage tube</span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><br />
</span></div></div><div style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.21in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Sketchpad</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Ivan Sutherland’s PhD thesis at MIT</div></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.21in; margin-top: 7.44pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Dikenalinya</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">potensi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">interaksi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">antara</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">manusia-mesin</span></span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">-loop</span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">--Display something</span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">--User moves light pen</span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">--Computer generates new display</span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">sutherland </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">berhasil</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">mengemukakan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">beragam</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">algoritma</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> yang </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">hingga</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">saat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> i</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">ni</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">banyak</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">digunakan</span></span></div></div><div style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">pada</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">komputer</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">grafik</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Kemajuan dalam komputer grafis adalah berasal dari seorang mahasiswa MIT, Ivan Sutherland. Pada tahun 1961 Sutherland menciptakan program komputer untuk menggambar yang disebut Sketchpad*. Dengan menggunakan Light Pen, Sketchpad dapat menggambar bentuk sederhana pada layar komputer, menyimpan mereka dan bahkan bisa memanggil mereka lagi nanti. Light pen itu sendiri memiliki sel fotolistrik kecil di ujungnya. Sel ini dipancarkan pulsa elektronik setiap kali ditempatkan di depan layar komputer dan pistol elektron layar itu ditembakkan langsung dalam. Dengan waktu yang singkat pulsa elektronik ini tahu dimana lokasi electron gun, ini mudah untuk menentukan persis di mana pena ini di layar pada saat tertentu. Begitu yang ditentukan, komputer kemudian bisa menggambar kursor di lokasi itu.</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Sutherland tampaknya terus mencari solusi yang sempurna untuk banyak masalah grafis yang dihadapinya. Bahkan saat ini, banyak standar grafis komputer interface mulai mendapatkan masalah dengan program Sketchpad awal. Salah satu contoh dari hal ini adalah dalam batasan menggambar. Jika seseorang ingin menggambar persegi misalnya, ia tidak perlu khawatir tentang menggambar empat baris sempurna untuk membentuk tepi kotak. Satu hanya dapat menentukan bahwa ia ingin menggambar kotak, dan kemudian tentukan lokasi dan ukuran kotak. Perangkat lunak kemudian akan membangun sebuah kotak yang sempurna, dengan dimensi yang tepat dan di lokasi yang tepat. Contoh lain adalah bahwa perangkat lunak Sutherland model objek - tidak hanya gambar objek. Dengan kata lain, dengan model mobil, orang bisa mengubah ukuran ban tanpa mempengaruhi sisa mobil. Itu bisa meregangkan tubuh mobil tanpa deformasi ban.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
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<span class="fullpost">*Sketchpad adalah suatu program revolusioner yang ditulis oleh Ivan Sutherland pada tahun 1963 untuk disertasi Phd-nya. Program tersebut membantu merubah cara orang berinteraksi dengan komputer. Sketchpad dianggap sebagai nenek moyang dari program Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) dan menjadi suatu terobosan utama di dalam pengembangan grafik komputer secara umum. Ivan Sutherland mempertunjukkan grafik komputer dapat digunakan untuk tujuan teknis dan artistik.</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="fullpost"><br />
</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="fullpost"><span style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">Display Processor</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="fullpost"><span style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333cc; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">-Display processor (DPU), </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">sebuah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">komputer</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> yang </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">memiliki</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">tugas</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">khusus</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">untuk</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">refresh display,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">hal</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">ini</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">lebih</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">efisien</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">dibandingkan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">penggunaan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> host computer</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;"></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333cc; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">-Graphics stored in display list (display file) on display processor</span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333cc; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">-Host </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">compiles</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> display list and sends to DPU</span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333cc; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333cc; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333cc; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">Direct View Storage Tube</span></span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333cc; font-size: x-small; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">+Dibuat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">oleh</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> Tektronix</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333cc; font-size: x-small; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> -Tidak</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">membutuhkan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> constant refresh</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: 14px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 14px;"> <b>-</b>Standard interface to computers</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 14px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> -Allowed for standard software</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> -Plot3D in Fortran</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> +Relatively inexpensive</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> -Opened door to use of computer graphics for CAD community</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b>Computer Graphics: 1970-1980<o:p></o:p></b></div></div><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal">Raster Graphics</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Beginning of graphics standards</li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>IFIPS (International Federation of Information Processing Societies)</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>GKS: European effort</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">–<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Becomes ISO 2D standard</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Core: North American effort</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">–<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span> 3D but fails to become ISO standard</div></div><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal">Workstations and PCs</li>
</ul><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #3333cc; font-family: Arial;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br />
</span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Raster Graphic</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal">Image diproduksi sebagai array (the <i>raster</i>) dari <i>picture elements</i> (<i>pixels</i>) pada suatu <i>frame buffer</i></li>
</ul><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal">Dimungkinkaannya beranjak dari mode <i>lines</i> dan <i>wire frame</i> <i>images</i> menuju pembentukan <i>filled polygons</i></li>
</ul><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i>PCs and Workstation</i></div></div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i></i></div><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal"><i>Meskipun tidak dinyatakan secara gamblang perbedaaan diantara workstations dan PCs, secara <i>history</i> keduanya berkembang dari akar yang berbeda</i></li>
<i></i></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Early workstations characterized by</i></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Networked connection: client-server model</i></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>High-level of interactivity</i></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Early PCs included frame buffer as part of user memory</i></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Easy to change contents and create images</i></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">OpenGL adalah sebuah software antarmuka yang berguna untuk pemgraman grafis hardware, singkatan GL bearti adalah graphic Library, yang mana berguna untuk membuat interaktif program yang menghasilkan perpindahan gambar berwarna 3D, dengan OpenGL, kita dapat mengontrol grafik komputer untuk menghasilkan suatu gambar yang realistis, </div></div></div></div></div></div>Hanung Febriantohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06565418855826948379noreply@blogger.com1